GENE DETECTION OF CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT ENTEROBACTERIACEAE AND EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE E. COLI AND K. PNEUMONIAE IN SOME IRAQI HOSPITALS
Abstract
Background: Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of Gram-negative. The carbapeneme antibiotics are used as a last line of defense against multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae can be caused by a variety of methods, including the synthesis of Carbapenemase enzymes. Aims: Appraise anti-microbial susceptibility, mechanisms of carbapeneme-resistant ESBLs in two genera of the E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Methods: A total 380 clinical specimens were collected from patients attending hospitals / health centers and outpatient clinics, and from the inpatient department in the halls ICU and RCU, that include urine (165), swab (100), sputum (100), diabetic foot (wound infection) (50), stool (50) and blood (10), during the period from 13th November, 2022 to 1st April, 2023 that admitted to Iraq hospital. Bacterial colonies were Gram stained and microscopically examined. Biochemical tests were done to identify pathogen species and Vitek- 2 system, and detect the antimicrobial susceptibility to different antibiotic and molecular detection of virulence factor. Results: In the current study, as a general the results revealed that all isolates of E. coli were (100%) resistant to lincomycin. In the present study, the results revealed that all isolates of K. pneumoniae were resistant to lincomycin were 100%, with high significant P<0.001. The Vitek-2 system utilized for the detection of ESBL of E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The phenotypic of ESBL results of E. coli in UTIs was 58.9% positive, while the results of phenotypic of carbenem for E. coli were 24.1% in UTIs. Furthermore, the result of the gene was 100% for mrk-A, fim-H, Oxa-48 plasmid, Oxa-48, chromosomal Bss-R, Bss-S, mrk-D, fim-H, and Oxa-1 gene of K. pneumonia and E. coli.
Conclusion: All isolates of E. coli resistant to lincomycin, by ampicillin, ceftazidime and cefozolin. The results revealed that all isolates of K. pneumoniae were resistant to lincomycin. The phenotypic of ESBL results of E. coli in UTIs was 58.9% positive. the result of the gene was 100% for most important gene.
Keywords: Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae, and extended spectrum Beta-Lactamase, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and antibiotic susceptibility.
